Turkmenistan

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ISO: TX / null none

📊 Quick Facts

Capital
Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)
Population (2024)
5,744,151
Total Area
488,100 km²
GDP (PPP)
$134.56 billion
Government Type
presidential republic; authoritarian
Independence
27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

🌍 Geography

Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan

Area & Boundaries

Total Area 488,100 km²
Land Area 469,930 km²
Water Area 18,170 km²
World Rank by Area #null
Land Boundaries 4,158 km
Coastline N/A km

Bordering Countries

Afghanistan (804 km)
148 km; Kazakhstan (413 km)
793 km (N/A km)

Terrain & Climate

Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west

Climate: subtropical desert

Elevation

Highest Point : N/Am
Lowest Point : nullm
Mean Elevation 230m

Natural Resources

petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt

👥 Demographics

Population Overview

Total Population (2024) 5,744,151
World Rank #null
Growth Rate 0.92%
Urbanization null%

Age & Life Expectancy

Median Age 31.2 years
Life Expectancy null years
Birth Rate 16.8 per 1,000
Death Rate 6 per 1,000

Major Urban Areas

Education

Literacy Rate: null% (Male: 99.9%, Female: 99.9%)

💼 Economy

upper middle-income Central Asian economy; has 10% of global natural gas reserves, exporting to Russia and China; natural resource rich; authoritarian and dominated by state-owned enterprises; major central-south Asian pipeline development

GDP & Economic Indicators

GDP (PPP) $134.56 billion
GDP (Official Rate) $64.24 billion
GDP per Capita (PPP) $18,000
World GDP Rank #null
GDP Growth Rate 2.3%
Unemployment Rate null%
Inflation Rate null%
Public Debt (% of GDP) null%

GDP Composition by Sector

Agriculture 11.3%
Industry 39.3%
Services 49.4%

Major Industries

natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing

Trade

Exports N/A
Imports N/A
Foreign Exchange Reserves N/A
Currency (null)

🏛️ Government

Government Type presidential republic; authoritarian
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal

Executive Branch

Chief of State:

Head of Government:

Legislative Branch

National Holiday

Independence Day, 27 October (1991)

📈 Social Indicators

Physicians 1.93 per 1,000
Hospital Beds 4 per 1,000
Health Expenditure 5.6% of GDP
Education Expenditure 2.7% of GDP

🎨 Cultural Heritage

UNESCO World Heritage Sites 5

Notable Sites

Data Sources: CIA World Factbook, World Bank, United Nations, IMF, OECD
Reference Year: 2024
Last Updated: 2026-01-11