🌍 Geography
Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey
Area & Boundaries
Total Area
187,437 km²
Land Area
185,887 km²
Water Area
1,550 km²
World Rank by Area
#null
Land Boundaries
2,363 km
Coastline
193 km
Bordering Countries
Terrain & Climate
Terrain: primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west
Climate: mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus
Elevation
Highest Point
: N/Am
Lowest Point
: nullm
Mean Elevation
514m
Natural Resources
petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower
👥 Demographics
Population Overview
Total Population (2024)
23,865,423
World Rank
#null
Growth Rate
1.67%
Urbanization
null%
Age & Life Expectancy
Median Age
24.1 years
Life Expectancy
null years
Birth Rate
21.7 per 1,000
Death Rate
4 per 1,000
Major Urban Areas
- DAMASCUS: 2,585,000 people
Education
Literacy Rate: null% (Male: 97.2%, Female: 91.8%)
💼 Economy
low-income Middle Eastern economy; prior infrastructure and economy devastated by 11-year civil war; ongoing US sanctions; sporadic trans-migration during conflict; currently being supported by World Bank trust fund; ongoing hyperinflation
GDP & Economic Indicators
GDP (PPP)
N/A
GDP (Official Rate)
$19.99 billion
GDP per Capita (PPP)
N/A
World GDP Rank
#null
GDP Growth Rate
null%
Unemployment Rate
null%
Inflation Rate
null%
Public Debt (% of GDP)
null%
GDP Composition by Sector
Agriculture
43.1%
Industry
12%
Services
44.9%
Major Industries
petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, automobile assembly
Trade
Exports
N/A
Imports
N/A
Foreign Exchange Reserves
N/A
Currency
(null)
🏛️ Government
Government Type
presidential republic; highly authoritarian regime
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive Branch
Chief of State:
Head of Government:
Legislative Branch
National Holiday
Independence Day (Evacuation Day), 17 April (1946)
📈 Social Indicators
Physicians
1.52 per 1,000
Hospital Beds
1.4 per 1,000
🎨 Cultural Heritage
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
6
Notable Sites
- Ancient City of Damascus
- Ancient City of Bosra
- Site of Palmyra
- Ancient City of Aleppo
- Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din
- Ancient Villages of Northern Syria