Russia

Russian Federation
ISO: RS / null Rossiyskaya Federatsiya

📊 Quick Facts

Capital
Moscow
Population (2024)
140,820,810
Total Area
17,098,242 km²
GDP (PPP)
$6.09 trillion
Government Type
semi-presidential federation
Independence
25 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union; Russian SFSR renamed Russian Federation); notable earlier dates: 1157 (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal created); 16 January 1547 (Tsardom of Muscovy established); 22 October 1721 (Russian Empire proclaimed); 30 December 1922 (Soviet Union established)

🌍 Geography

Location: North Asia bordering the Arctic Ocean, extending from Eastern Europe (the portion west of the Urals) to the North Pacific Ocean

Area & Boundaries

Total Area 17,098,242 km²
Land Area 16,377,742 km²
Water Area 720,500 km²
World Rank by Area #null
Land Boundaries 22,407 km
Coastline 37,653 km

Bordering Countries

Azerbaijan (338 km)
312 km; China (southeast) 4 (N/A km)
133 km and China (south) (46 km)
309 km; Georgia (894 km)
644 km; North Korea (18 km)

Terrain & Climate

Terrain: broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions

Climate: ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast

Elevation

Highest Point : N/Am
Lowest Point : nullm
Mean Elevation 600m

Natural Resources

wide natural-resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber

👥 Demographics

Population Overview

Total Population (2024) 140,820,810
World Rank #null
Growth Rate 0.49%
Urbanization null%

Age & Life Expectancy

Median Age 41.9 years
Life Expectancy null years
Birth Rate 8.4 per 1,000
Death Rate 14 per 1,000

Major Urban Areas

Education

Literacy Rate: null% (Male: 99.9%, Female: 99.9%)

💼 Economy

natural resource-rich Eurasian economy; leading energy exporter to Europe and Asia; decreased oil export reliance; endemic corruption, Ukrainian invasion, and lack of green infrastructure limit investment and have led to sanctions

GDP & Economic Indicators

GDP (PPP) $6.09 trillion
GDP (Official Rate) $2.17 trillion
GDP per Capita (PPP) $41,700
World GDP Rank #null
GDP Growth Rate 4.3%
Unemployment Rate null%
Inflation Rate null%
Public Debt (% of GDP) null%

GDP Composition by Sector

Agriculture 2.7%
Industry 30.7%
Services 57.5%

Major Industries

complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries (including radar, missile production, advanced electronic components), shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts

Trade

Exports N/A
Imports N/A
Foreign Exchange Reserves N/A
Currency (null)

🏛️ Government

Government Type semi-presidential federation
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal

Executive Branch

Chief of State:

Head of Government:

Legislative Branch

National Holiday

Russia Day, 12 June (1990)

📈 Social Indicators

Physicians 5.11 per 1,000
Hospital Beds 7 per 1,000
Health Expenditure 7.4% of GDP
Education Expenditure 4.2% of GDP

🎨 Cultural Heritage

UNESCO World Heritage Sites 33

Notable Sites

Data Sources: CIA World Factbook, World Bank, United Nations, IMF, OECD
Reference Year: 2024
Last Updated: 2026-01-11