🌍 Geography
Location: Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Area & Boundaries
Total Area
1,564,116 km²
Land Area
1,553,556 km²
Water Area
10,560 km²
World Rank by Area
#null
Land Boundaries
8,082 km
Coastline
N/A km
Bordering Countries
China 4 (N/A km)
630 km; Russia 3 (N/A km)
452 km (N/A km)
Terrain & Climate
Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Elevation
Highest Point
: N/Am
Lowest Point
: nullm
Mean Elevation
1,528m
Natural Resources
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron
👥 Demographics
Population Overview
Total Population (2024)
3,281,676
World Rank
#null
Growth Rate
0.78%
Urbanization
null%
Age & Life Expectancy
Median Age
31.5 years
Life Expectancy
null years
Birth Rate
14.9 per 1,000
Death Rate
6.4 per 1,000
Major Urban Areas
- ULAANBAATAR: 1,673,000 people
Education
Literacy Rate: null% (Male: 98.3%, Female: 98.9%)
💼 Economy
lower middle-income East Asian economy; large human capital improvements over last 3 decades; agricultural and natural resource rich; export and consumption-led growth; high inflation due to supply bottlenecks and increased food and energy prices; currency depreciation
GDP & Economic Indicators
GDP (PPP)
$59.22 billion
GDP (Official Rate)
$23.59 billion
GDP per Capita (PPP)
$16,800
World GDP Rank
#null
GDP Growth Rate
4.9%
Unemployment Rate
null%
Inflation Rate
6.8%
Public Debt (% of GDP)
null%
GDP Composition by Sector
Agriculture
7.4%
Industry
38.1%
Services
44.2%
Major Industries
construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing
Trade
Exports
N/A
Imports
N/A
Foreign Exchange Reserves
N/A
Currency
(null)
🏛️ Government
Government Type
semi-presidential republic
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive Branch
Chief of State:
Head of Government:
Legislative Branch
National Holiday
Naadam (games) holiday, 11-15 July; Constitution Day, 26 November (1924)
📈 Social Indicators
Physicians
4.13 per 1,000
Hospital Beds
10.6 per 1,000
Health Expenditure
6.9% of GDP
Education Expenditure
3.7% of GDP
🎨 Cultural Heritage
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
6
Notable Sites
- Uvs Nuur Basin
- Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape
- Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai
- Great Burkhan Khaldun Mountain and surrounding sacred landscape
- Landscapes of Dauria
- Deer Stone Monuments and Related Bronze Age Sites