🌍 Geography
Location: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
Area & Boundaries
Total Area
1,648,195 km²
Land Area
1,531,595 km²
Water Area
116,600 km²
World Rank by Area
#null
Land Boundaries
5,894 km
Coastline
2,440 km
Bordering Countries
Afghanistan (921 km)
Armenia (44 km)
Azerbaijan (689 km)
Iraq (1,599 km)
Pakistan (959 km)
Terrain & Climate
Terrain: rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
Climate: mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Elevation
Highest Point
Kuh-e Damavand: 5,625m
Lowest Point
Caspian Sea: -28m
Mean Elevation
1,305m
Major Rivers
- Euphrates (shared with Turkey [s], Syria, and Iraq [m]): 3,596 km
- Tigris (shared with Turkey, Syria, and Iraq [m]): 1,950 km
- Helmand (shared with Afghanistan [s]): 1,130 km
Natural Resources
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur
👥 Demographics
Population Overview
Total Population (2024)
88,386,937
World Rank
#null
Growth Rate
0.88%
Urbanization
77.3%
Age & Life Expectancy
Median Age
33.8 years
Life Expectancy
75.6 years
Birth Rate
14.3 per 1,000
Death Rate
5.3 per 1,000
Major Urban Areas
- 9.500 million TEHRAN (capital),: 3,368,000 people
Languages
- Persian Farsi (official)
- Azeri and other Turkic dialects
- Kurdish
- Gilaki and Mazandarani
- Luri
- Balochi
- Arabic
Education
Literacy Rate: 86% (Male: 90%, Female: 81%)
💼 Economy
traditionally state-controlled economy but reforming state-owned financial entities; strong oil/gas, agricultural, and service sectors; recent massive inflation due to exchange rate depreciation, international sanctions, and investor uncertainty; increasing poverty
GDP & Economic Indicators
GDP (PPP)
N/A
GDP (Official Rate)
N/A
GDP per Capita (PPP)
N/A
World GDP Rank
#null
GDP Growth Rate
null%
Unemployment Rate
null%
Inflation Rate
null%
Public Debt (% of GDP)
null%
GDP Composition by Sector
Agriculture
13%
Industry
36.4%
Services
47.9%
Major Industries
petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizer, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and nonferrous metal fabrication, armaments
Trade
Exports
N/A
Imports
N/A
Foreign Exchange Reserves
N/A
Currency
(null)
🏛️ Government
Government Type
theocratic republic
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive Branch
Chief of State: Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)
Head of Government: President Masoud PEZESHKIAN (since 30 July 2024)
Legislative Branch
National Holiday
Republic Day, 1 April (1979)
📈 Social Indicators
Hospital Beds
1.9 per 1,000
🌐 International Relations
International Memberships
BRICS
CICA
CP
D-8
ECO
FAO
G-15
G-24
G-77
IAEA
IBRD
ICAO
ICC (national committees)
ICRM
IDA
IDB
IFAD
IFC
IFRCS
IHO
ILO
IMF
IMO
IMSO
Interpol
IOC
IOM
IPU
ISO
ITSO
ITU
MIGA
NAM
OIC
OPCW
OPEC
PCA
SAARC (observer)
SCO (observer)
UN
UNAMID
UNCTAD
UNESCO
UNHCR
UNIDO
UNITAR
UNOOSA
UNWTO
UPU
WCO
WFTU (NGOs)
WHO
WIPO
WMO
WTO (observer)