🌍 Geography
Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan
Area & Boundaries
Total Area
3,287,263 km²
Land Area
2,973,193 km²
Water Area
314,070 km²
World Rank by Area
#null
Land Boundaries
13,888 km
Coastline
7,000 km
Bordering Countries
Bangladesh (4,142 km)
Bhutan (659 km)
Burma (1,468 km)
China (2,659 km)
Nepal (1,770 km)
Terrain & Climate
Terrain: upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north
Climate: varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north
Elevation
Highest Point
Kanchenjunga: 8,586m
Lowest Point
Indian Ocean: 0m
Mean Elevation
160m
Major Rivers
- Brahmaputra (shared with China [s] and Bangladesh [m]): 3,969 km
- Indus (shared with China [s] and Pakistan [m]): 3,610 km
- Ganges river source (shared with Bangladesh [m]): 2,704 km
- Godavari: 1,465 km
- Sutlej (shared with China [s] and Pakistan [m]): 1,372 km
- Yamuna: 1,370 km
- Narmada: 1,289 km
- Chenab river source (shared with Pakistan [m]): 1,086 km
- Ghaghara river mouth (shared with China [s] and Nepal): 1,080 km
Natural Resources
coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), antimony, iron ore, lead, manganese, mica, bauxite, rare earth elements, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land
👥 Demographics
Population Overview
Total Population (2024)
1,409,128,296
World Rank
#null
Growth Rate
0.72%
Urbanization
36.4%
Age & Life Expectancy
Median Age
29.8 years
Life Expectancy
68.2 years
Birth Rate
16.2 per 1,000
Death Rate
9.1 per 1,000
Major Urban Areas
- 32.941 million NEW DELHI (capital),: 21,297,000 people
Languages
- Hindi - 43.6%
- Bengali - 8%
- Marathi - 6.9%
- Telugu - 6.7%
- Tamil - 5.7%
- Gujarati - 4.6%
- Urdu - 4.2%
- Kannada - 3.6%
- Odia - 3.1%
- Malayalam - 2.9%
- Punjabi - 2.7%
- Assamese - 1.3%
- Maithili - 1.1%
- other - 5.6%
- political
- and commercial communication (2011 est.)
Education
Literacy Rate: 81.7% (Male: 88.3%, Female: 74.9%)
💼 Economy
<p>largest South Asian economy; strong, sustained GDP growth led by technology and service sectors, foreign investment, and improved regulatory framework; high poverty rate and income inequality; initiatives on infrastructure development, digitization, manufacturing, and financial access</p>
GDP & Economic Indicators
GDP (PPP)
N/A
GDP (Official Rate)
N/A
GDP per Capita (PPP)
N/A
World GDP Rank
#null
GDP Growth Rate
null%
Unemployment Rate
null%
Inflation Rate
null%
Public Debt (% of GDP)
null%
GDP Composition by Sector
Agriculture
16.4%
Industry
24.5%
Services
49.9%
Major Industries
textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals
Trade
Exports
N/A
Imports
N/A
Foreign Exchange Reserves
N/A
Currency
(null)
🏛️ Government
Government Type
federal parliamentary republic
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive Branch
Chief of State: President Droupadi MURMU (since 25 July 2022)
Head of Government: Prime Minister Narendra MODI (since 26 May 2014)
Legislative Branch
National Holiday
Republic Day, 26 January (1950)
📈 Social Indicators
Hospital Beds
1.6 per 1,000
🌐 International Relations
International Memberships
ADB
AfDB (nonregional member)
Arctic Council (observer)
ARF
ASEAN (dialogue partner)
BIMSTEC
BIS
BRICS
C
CD
CERN (observer)
CICA
CP
EAS
FAO
FATF
G-15
G-20
G-24
G-5
G-77
IAEA
IBRD
ICAO
ICC (national committees)
ICRM
IDA
IFAD
IFC
IFRCS
IHO
ILO
IMF
IMO
IMSO
Interpol
IOC
IOM
IPU
ISO
ITSO
ITU
ITUC (NGOs)
LAS (observer)
MIGA
MINURSO
MONUSCO
NAM
OAS (observer)
OECD
OPCW
Pacific Alliance (observer)
PCA
PIF (partner)
Quad
SAARC
SACEP
SCO (observer)
UN
UNCTAD