🌍 Geography
Location: Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US
Area & Boundaries
Total Area
9,984,670 km²
Land Area
9,093,507 km²
Water Area
891,163 km²
World Rank by Area
#null
Land Boundaries
8,892 km
Coastline
202,080 km
Bordering Countries
Terrain & Climate
Terrain: mostly plains with mountains in west, lowlands in southeast
Climate: varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north
Elevation
Highest Point
Mount Logan: 5,959m
Lowest Point
Atlantic/Pacific/Arctic Oceans: 0m
Mean Elevation
487m
Major Rivers
- Mackenzie: 4,241 km
- Yukon river source (shared with the US [m]): 3,185 km
- Saint Lawrence river mouth (shared with US): 3,058 km
- Nelson: 2,570 km
- Columbia river source (shared with the US [m]): 1,953 km
- Churchill: 1,600 km
- Fraser: 1,368 km
- Ottawa: 1,271 km
- Athabasca: 1,231 km
- North Saskatchewan: 1,220 km
Natural Resources
bauxite, iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, uranium, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower
👥 Demographics
Population Overview
Total Population (2024)
38,794,813
World Rank
#null
Growth Rate
0.71%
Urbanization
81.9%
Age & Life Expectancy
Median Age
42.6 years
Life Expectancy
84.2 years
Birth Rate
10 per 1,000
Death Rate
8.2 per 1,000
Major Urban Areas
- 6.372 million Toronto,: 4,308,000 people
Languages
- English (Official) - 87.1%
- French (Official) - 29.1%
- Chinese languages - 4.2%
- Spanish - 3.2%
- Punjabi - 2.6%
- Arabic - 2.4%
- Tagalog - 2.3%
- Italian - 1.5%
Education
Literacy Rate: null% (Male: null%, Female: null%)
💼 Economy
<p>high-income economy and second-largest US trading partner; key timber, oil, and gas industries; trade uncertainties and weak business investments contributing to economic slowdown; high and growing public debt; inflation moderating but remains above target range</p>
GDP & Economic Indicators
GDP (PPP)
N/A
GDP (Official Rate)
N/A
GDP per Capita (PPP)
N/A
World GDP Rank
#null
GDP Growth Rate
null%
Unemployment Rate
null%
Inflation Rate
null%
Public Debt (% of GDP)
null%
GDP Composition by Sector
Agriculture
1.6%
Industry
25.3%
Services
66.4%
Major Industries
transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas
Trade
Exports
N/A
Imports
N/A
Foreign Exchange Reserves
N/A
Currency
(null)
🏛️ Government
Government Type
federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive Branch
Chief of State: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Mary SIMON (since 26 July 2021)
Head of Government: Prime Minister Mark CARNEY (since 14 March 2025)
Legislative Branch
National Holiday
Canada Day, 1 July (1867)
📈 Social Indicators
Hospital Beds
2.6 per 1,000
🌐 International Relations
International Memberships
ADB (nonregional member)
AfDB (nonregional member)
APEC
Arctic Council
ARF
ASEAN (dialogue partner)
Australia Group
BIS
C
CD
CDB
CE (observer)
EAPC
EBRD
EITI (implementing country)
FAO
FATF
G-7
G-8
G-10
G-20
IADB
IAEA
IBRD
ICAO
ICC (national committees)
ICCt
ICRM
IDA
IEA
IFAD
IFC
IFRCS
IGAD (partners)
IHO
ILO
IMF
IMO
IMSO
Interpol
IOC
IOM
IPU
ISO
ITSO
ITU
ITUC (NGOs)
MIGA
MINUSTAH
MONUSCO
NAFTA
NATO
NEA
NSG
OAS
OECD
OIF
OPCW
OSCE
Pacific Alliance (observer)