Explore Earth's coldest biome where permafrost, short growing seasons, and extreme conditions create unique ecosystems. Study tundra characteristics: treeless landscape, low-growing plants, permafrost layer, brief summer burst of growth and reproduction. Learn about tundra animals (caribou, musk oxen, arctic foxes, lemmings) and their cold adaptations.
Understand two types: arctic tundra (polar regions) and alpine tundra (high mountains). Tundra stores massive carbon in frozen soil—warming releases greenhouse gases, creating feedback loops. Watch documentaries, study climate research, or visit tundra regions. Understanding tundra reveals climate change's frontline, specialized adaptations, and fragile ecosystems facing rapid transformation.